Agricultural Bank of China (AgBank) and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) plan to raise nearly $39 billion.
The state-owned lenders aim to replenish capital and increase resilience against global economic uncertainty.
AgBank filed with the Shanghai Stock Exchange to raise up to 160 billion yuan ($24 billion) through a private A-share placement.
ICBC disclosed significant capital-raising plans in a separate filing, though specific figures were not detailed.
The recapitalization aims to bolster lending capacity and the banks' ability to absorb potential losses.
This move impacts the stability of the Chinese financial system and its global interconnections.