Tesla and other U.S. humanoid robot developers are sourcing motors, actuators, and sensors from China. [2, 4, 15] This growing reliance has created an Optimus chain similar to Apple’s established supplier networks. [3, 4]
Significant cost advantages and China’s advanced manufacturing ecosystem drive this shift. [2, 3, 15] Washington considers the humanoid robotics sector strategically critical to national interests. [5, 7, 16]
The U.S.-China tech rivalry increases concerns over these supply chain vulnerabilities. [5, 7, 16] Tesla plans final assembly for Optimus in the U.S. while relying on Chinese hardware. [4, 6]